• One gallon of water per person per day, for drinking and sanitation.
• Children, nursing mothers, and sick people may need more water.
• If you live in a warm weather climate more water may be necessary.
• Store water tightly in clean plastic containers such as soft drink bottles.
• Keep at least a three-day supply of water per person.

• Store at least a three-day supply of non-perishable food.
• Select foods that require no refrigeration, preparation or cooking and little or no water.
• Pack a manual can opener and eating utensils.
• Choose foods your family will eat.

• Ready-to-eat canned meats, fruits and vegetables
• Protein or fruit bars
• Dry cereal or granola
• Peanut butter
• Dried fruit
• Nuts
• Crackers
• Canned juices
• Non-perishable pasteurized milk
• High energy foods
• Vitamins
• Food for infants
• Comfort/stress foods

• Two pairs of Latex, or other sterile gloves (if you are allergic to Latex).
• Sterile dressings to stop bleeding.
• Cleansing agent/soap and antibiotic towelettes to disinfect.
• Antibiotic ointment to prevent infection.
• Burn ointment to prevent infection.
• Adhesive bandages in a variety of sizes.
• Eye wash solution to flush the eyes or as general decontaminant.
• Thermometer (Read more: Biological Threat)
• Prescription medications you take every day such as insulin, heart medicine and asthma inhalers. You should periodically rotate medicines to account for expiration dates.
• Prescribed medical supplies such as glucose and blood pressure monitoring equipment and supplies.

• Cell Phone
• Scissors
• Tweezers
• Tube of petroleum jelly or other lubricant

• Potassium Iodide (Read more: Nuclear Blast)
• Aspirin or nonaspirin pain reliever
• Anti-diarrhea medication
• Antacid (for upset stomach)
• Syrup of Ipecac (use to induce vomiting if advised by the Poison Control Center)
• Laxative
• Activated charcoal (use if advised by the Poison Control Center)

• Formula
• Diapers
• Bottles
• Powdered milk
• Medications
• Moist towelettes
• Diaper rash ointment

• Ask your doctor about storing prescription medications such as heart and high blood pressure medication, insulin and other prescription drugs.
• Denture needs
• Contact lenses and supplies
• Extra eye glasses

• Flashlight and extra batteries
• Battery powered radio and extra batteries
• Plastic garbage bags, ties and toilet paper for personal sanitation
• First aid kit
• Map of the area for evacuation or for locating shelters
• A whistle to signal for help
• Moist towelettes

• Have at least one complete change of warm clothing and shoes per person including:
• A jacket or coat
• Long pants
• A long sleeve shirt
• Sturdy shoes
• A hat and gloves
• A sleeping bag or warm blanket for each person.

• Emergency reference material such as a first aid book or a print out of this information
• Mess kits, or paper cups, plates and plastic utensils
• Cash or traveler's checks, change
• Non-electric can opener, utility knife
• Paper towels
• Fire extinguisher: small canister, ABC type
• Tube tent
• Pliers
• Compass
• Matches in a waterproof container
• Aluminum foil
• Plastic storage containers
• Signal flare
• Paper, pencil
• Medicine dropper
• Shut-off wrench, to turn off household gas and water

• Toilet paper, towelettes
• Feminine supplies
• Personal hygiene items
• Plastic garbage bags, ties (for personal sanitation uses)
• Plastic bucket with tight lid
• Disinfectant
• Household chlorine bleach
  
  You can use bleach as a disinfectant (diluted nine parts water to one part bleach), or in an emergency you can also use it to purify water. Use 16 drops of regular household liquid bleach per gallon of water. Do not use scented, color safe or bleaches with added cleaners.

If an earthquake, hurricane, winter storm or other disaster strikes your community, you might not have access to food, water and electricity for days, or even weeks.  By taking some time now to store emergency food and water supplies, you can provide for your entire family.  The information on this web page was developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency in cooperation with the American Red Cross and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

WATER

How Important is a Water Supply

How to Store Water

Emergency Outdoor Water Sources

Hidden Water Sources in Your Home

Three Ways to Purify Water

FOOD

When Food Supplies Are Low

Special Food Stocking Considerations

How to Cook If the Power Goes Out

Shelf-life of Foods for Storage

Supplies

If the Electricity Goes Off

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How Important is a Water Supply?

Having an ample supply of clean water is a top priority in an emergency.   A normally active person needs to drink at least two quarts of water each day.   Hot environments can double that amount.  Children, nursing mothers and ill people will need even more.  You will also need water for food preparation and hygiene.  Store a total of at least one gallon per person, per day.  You should store at least a two week supply of water for each member of your family.

If supplies run low, never ration water.  Drink the amount you need today, and try to find more tomorrow.  You can minimize the amount of water your body needs by reducing activity and staying cool.

How to Store Water

Store water in thoroughly washed plastic, glass, fiberglass or enamel-lined metal containers.  Never us a container that has held toxic substances.   Plastic containers, such as soft drink bottles, are best.  You can also purchase food-grade plastic buckets or drums.

Seal water containers tightly, label them and store in a cool, dark place.   Rotate water every six months.

Emergency Outdoor Water Sources

If you need to find water outside your home, you can use these sources.   Be sure to purify the water according to the instructions below before drinking it.   Rainwater; streams, rivers and other moving bodies of water; ponds and lakes; natural springs.

Avoid water with floating material, an odor or dark color.  Use saltwater only if you distill it first.  You should not drink flood water.

Hidden Water Sources in Your Home

If a disaster catches you without a stored supply of clean water, you can use the water in your hot-water tank, pipes and ice cubes.  As a last resort, you can use water in the reservoir tank of your toilet (not the bowl).

Do you know the location of your incoming water valve?  You'll need to shut it off to stop contaminated water from entering your home if you hear reports of broken water or sewage lines.

To use the water in your pipes, let air into the plumbing by turning on the faucet in your house at the highest level.  A small amount of water will trickle out.  Then obtain water from the lowest faucet in the house.

To use the water in your hot-water tank, be sure the electricity or gas is of, and open the drain at the bottom of the tank.  Start the water flowing by turning off the water intake valve and turning on a hot water faucet.  Do not turn on the gas or electricity when the tank is empty.

Three Ways to Purify Water

In addition to having a bad odor and taste, contaminated water can contain microorganisms that cause diseases such as dysentery, typhoid and hepatitis.  You should purify all water of uncertain purity before using it for drinking, food preparation or hygiene.

There are many ways to purify water.  None is perfect.  Often the best solution is a combination of methods.

Two easy purification methods are outlined below.  These measures will kill most microbes but will not remove other contaminants such as heavy metals, salts and most other chemicals.  Before purifying, let any suspended particles settle to the bottom, or strain them through layers of paper towel or clean cloth.

BOILING.  Boiling is the safest method of purifying water.  Bring water to a rolling boil for 3-5 minutes, keeping in mind that some water will evaporate.  Let the water cool before drinking.

Boiled water will taste better if you put oxygen back into it by pouring the water back and forth between two clean containers.  This will improve the taste of stored water.

DISINFECTION.  You can use household liquid bleach to kill microorganisms.  Use only regular household liquid bleach that contains 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite.  Do not use scented bleaches, colorsafe bleaches or bleaches with added cleaners.

Add 16 drops of bleach per gallon of water, stir and let stand for 30 minutes.  If the water does not have a slight bleach odor, repeat the dosage and let stand another 15 minutes.

The only agent used to purify water should be household liquid bleach.   Other chemicals, such as iodine or water treatment products sold in camping surplus stores that do not contain 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite as the only active ingredient, are not recommended and should not be used.

While the two methods described above will kill most microbes in water, distillation will remove microbes that resist these methods, and heavy metals, salts and most other chemicals.

DISTILLATION.  Distillation involves boiling water and then collecting the vapor that condenses back to water.  The condensed vapor will not include salt and other impurities.  To distill, fill a pot halfway with water.   Tie a cup to the handle on the pot's lid so that the cup will hang right-side-up when the lid is upside-down (make sure the cup is not dangling into the water) and boil the water for 20 minutes.  The water that drips from the lid into the cup is distilled.

When Food Supplies Are Low

If activity is reduced, healthy people can survive on half their usual food intake for an extended period of time and without any food for many days.  Food, unlike water, may be rationed safely, except for children and pregnant women.

If your water supply is limited, try to avoid foods that are high in fat and protein, and don't stock salty foods, since they will make you thirsty.  Try to eat salt-free crackers, whole grain cereals and canned foods with high liquid content.

You don't need to go out and buy unfamiliar foods to prepare an emergency food supply.  You can use the canned foods, dry mixes and other staples on your cupboard shelves.  In fact, familiar foods are important.  They can lift morale and give a feeling of security in time of stress.  Also, canned foods won't require cooking, water or special preparation.  Following are recommended short-term food storage plans.

Special Food Stocking Considerations

As you stock food, take into account your family's unique needs and tastes.  Try to include foods that they will enjoy and that are also high in calories and nutrition.  Foods that require no refrigeration, preparation or cooking are best.

Individuals with special diets and allergies will need particular attention, as will babies, toddlers and elderly people.  Nursing mothers may need liquid formula, in case they are unable to nurse.  Canned dietetic foods, juices and soups may be helpful for ill or elderly people.

make sure you have a manual can opener and disposable utensils.  And don't forget nonperishable foods for your pets.

How to Cook if the Power Goes Out

For emergency cooking you can use a fireplace, or a charcoal or camp stove can be used outdoors.  You can also heat food with candle warmers, chafing dishes and fondue pots.  Canned food can be eaten right out of the can.  If you heat it in the can, be sure to open the can and remove the label first.

Shelf-life Shelf-Life of Foods for Storage

Here are some general guidelines for rotating common emergency foods.

• Use within six months:

  • Powdered milk (boxed)

  • Dried fruit (in metal container)

  • Dry, crisp crackers (in metal container)

  • Potatoes

• Use within one year:

  • Canned condensed meat and vegetable soups

  • Canned fruits, fruit juices and vegetables

  • Ready-to-eat cereals and uncooked instant cereals (in metal containers)

  • Peanut butter

  • Jelly

  • hard candy and canned nuts

  • Vitamin C

• May be stored indefinitely (in proper containers and conditions:

  • Wheat

  • Vegetable oils

  • Dried corn

  • Baking powder

  • Soybeans

  • Instant coffee, tea and cocoa

  • Salt

  • Noncarbonated soft drinks

  • White rice

  • Bouillon products

  • Dry pasta

  • Powdered milk (in nitrogenpacked cans)

Supplies

It's 2:00 a.m. and a flash flood forces you to evacuate your home --- fast.   There's no time to gather food from the kitchen, fill bottles with water, grab a first-aid kit from the closet and snatch a flashlight and a portable radio from the bedroom.  You need to have these items packed and ready in one place before disaster strikes.

Pack at least a three-day supply of food and water, and store it in a handy place.   Choose foods that are easy to carry, nutritious and ready-to-eat.  In addition, pack these emergency items:

If the Power goes out Electricity Goes Off...

First,  use perishable food and foods from the refrigerator.

Then, use the foods from the freezer.  To minimize the number of times you open the freezer door, post a list of freezer contents on it.  In a well-filled, well-insulated freezer, foods will usually still have ice crystals in their centers (meaning foods are safe to eat) for at least three days.

Finally, begin to use non-perishable foods and staples.

Information courtesy:   FEMA, American Red Cross and Clorox